Tag Archives: milk

should you drink raw milk

Should You Drink Raw Milk?: Benefits, Risks, And Regulations

I've previously written about how raw milk regularly crops up in the news. There are many people who prefer it to pasturized and/or homogenized milk.  Both the Raw Milk Institute and the Weston A. Price Foundations Campaign for Real Milk support those consumers who want raw milk and those farmers who want to provide it.  

What’s the deal with raw milk?

Every now and again the issue of consuming raw milk seems to get more attention in the news and in legislative prospects. Each state has their own laws on subject and are divided in to four categories for the sale of raw milk for human consumption: Farm legal, Retail Legal, Cow Share Legal, and Illegal. 

Currently there are 44 states that allow distribution or sale of raw milk, of these 44 states - 38 allow the sale or distribution for human consumption and the other six states allow for animal consumption. Some states make decisions regarding raw milk specifically but will allow the grocery store sale of and consumption of raw milk cheeses. If you’re interested in consuming raw milk you’ll need to look into the guidelines for your particular state.

Raw milk nutritionraw milk

The battle for the right to purchase raw milk has been going on for over 100 years. Milk pasteurization became a common practice in the 1920s and was considered “one of the major breakthroughs in public health.” Yet many believe that the pasteurization of the milk destroys or hinders the health benefits of the milk.

  • Proponents of raw milk believe it provides more nutrition. It is noticeably higher in Vitamin C than pasteurized milk
  • A study in 2009 found that all of the DHA (dehydroascorbic acid) and 20% of the ascorbic acid disappeared in pasturized milk due to the processing
  • When milk is heated there is also a reduction in calcium available for your body to use. 
  • Raw milk contains high levels of CLA (conjugated linoleic acid – an essential fatty acid which can help fight cancer). 
  • More than half of the Vitamin D in raw milk is destroyed in processing which is why commercial milk is fortified.
Additional benefits of raw milk include:
  • A 2006 study from England showed that raw milk consumption substantially reduced allergies and asthma in children
  • Pasteurization of milk destroys a lot of the enzymes and good bacteria in the milk. These are beneficial to our health and the only way we can get them is through raw dairy
  • Homogenizing milk forces the fat globules into small particles and prevents the cream from rising to the top. This process heats the milk for a second time and many folks feel it changes the flavor and the nutritional value
  • Because unheated milk has all the enzymes and bacteria (important for lactase to break down the milk sugar), many people who think they are lactose intolerant can actually drink raw milk without a problem

The dangers of raw milk

The other side of the debate claims that raw milk is too dangerous to be sold for human consumption. 

There are risks with raw milk as it can harbor microorganisms that can pose a serious health risk such as salmonella, E. coli, Listeria, Campylobacter, and other foodborne illnesses. There is a risk of these pathogens in many other foods too. This is why it is extremely important to know your farmer, the cleanliness of the farm and milking process, and confirm that the farm does regular testing for pathogens.

When considering purchasing raw milk from a farm, do your research on the farm, ask questions about the milking process, and maybe even ask to do a farm visit to see for yourself how clean the operation is. I cannot stress enough to do your research about the farm and their practices.

In conclusion

There are a wide range of documented health benefits to be had from consuming raw dairy products. However there are also some risks. The consumption of raw dairy is a personal one and may or may not be available depending on the laws in your area. If you do choose to consume raw dairy it is vital that you know where it comes from and verify that the dairy is taking appropriate measures to provide the cleanest, best quality raw milk products.

[expand title="Sources"]

  • "Raw Milk Institute". Raw Milk Institute, 2023, https://www.rawmilkinstitute.org/

  • "Home - Real Milk". Real Milk, 2023, https://www.realmilk.com/. 

  • CDC Raw Milk Q&A - 

  • https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/rawmilk/raw-milk-questions-and-answers.html.

  • Lucey JA. Raw Milk Consumption: Risks and Benefits. Nutr Today. 2015 Jul;50(4):189-193. doi: 10.1097/NT.0000000000000108. Epub 2015 Jun 27. PMID: 27340300; PMCID: PMC4890836.

  • "Raw Milk: Discussing It’S Merits And Safety - The Nourishing Gourmet". The Nourishing Gourmet - Nourishing. Satisfying. Gourmet., 2009, https://www.thenourishinggourmet.com/raw-milk-discussing-its-merits-and-safety/.

  • Yoon, Yohan et al. "Microbial Benefits And Risks Of Raw Milk Cheese". Food Control, vol 63, 2016, pp. 201-215. Elsevier BV, doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.11.013. 

  • Cardin, Guillaume et al. "A Mechanistic Study Of The Antiaging Effect Of Raw-Milk Cheese Extracts". Nutrients, vol 13, no. 3, 2021, p. 897. MDPI AG, doi:10.3390/nu13030897. Foundation, The. "Real Milk Campaign". The Weston A. Price Foundation, 2018, https://www.westonaprice.org/real-milk-campaign/#gsc.tab=0. 

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Organic Vs. Conventional Dairy

Organic Dairy Products Vs. Conventional Dairy

Recently I had a conversation with my friend Kay about dairy products which mostly centered on our family's decision to purchase organic milk products.

We choose to purchase organic milk, butter, cottage cheese, cream cheese, sour cream, and yogurt. Organic sliced cheese isn't easily available in our area so we have to bend there but we try to buy brands that at least promote that they do not use recombinant Bovine Growth Hormone (rBGH).

Supporting Organic Farming
The conversation centered around the reasons for consuming organic dairy.  
 
The first is that it supports organic farming which means no genetically modified organisms are fed to the cows, they are not given antibiotics or hormones and no pesticides are used in their environment.  
 
Kay countered with the thought that it was cruel to not give antibiotics to a cow who has an infection.  That is certainly true and I would not expect a sick cow to be denied antibiotics. 
 
In organic farming the practice is that if a cow requires antibiotics that animal is removed from the organic herd and treated.  The cow is then sold to a conventional dairy operation.
Artificial Hormones and the Risks Involved
Having said that, research shows that organic cows, because they are not milked as heavily, suffer much less often from mastitis than conventional cows.  Canadian scientists (Canada has banned this substance) reported a 25% increased risk in mastitis in cows treated with rBGH.
 
I don't believe that drinking artificial hormones is good for anyone but I especially do not want to expose my daughters, to extra hormones if I can control it.  In an effort to make dairy operations more "efficient" Monsanto developed rBHG.  This tremendously increased production by as much as 50% and there are reports of  farms where cows need to be milked three times per day; this was touted as a great success.  
Genetic Effects of Hormones in Dairy
But success comes with a price. According to this article referencing the Journal of Reproductive Medicine, twinning rates have tripled in this country since the introduction of rBGH/rBST. It makes you wonder what the continued genetic effect of these hormones will be on children that were conceived while their mothers consumed these hormones.
 
Leaving the hormone and chemical issues aside, organic farming methods are more humane for the cows.  Organic farms house their cows in less crowded conditions and the cows get more fresh air, and tend to be pastured, meaning they eat grass.  
Health Benefits of Organic Dairy
A recent European-wide, QLIF study, published in the Journal of Food of Science and Agriculture, showed that cows who eat grass produce milk that is higher in Conjugated Linoleic Acids (CLA's) which are beneficial for heart health and decreasing diabetes risk.  They also reported higher omega-3 levels in milk from organically raised cows.
Is Organic Dairy Worth the Extra Cost?

Is organic dairy more expensive?  Yes. It is worth it? Absolutely. If you cannot make your budget stretch to cover organic dairy, I strongly urge you to not consume products tainted by rBGH.  This website will give you a list of producers in your state who are artificial hormone free.

How To Make Non-Dairy Milk

If you are one of the approximately 65% of all adult humans who have trouble with lactose, you may have considered switching to non-dairy milk products. If nothing else, simply because you're tired of always paying more for lactose-free [insert dairy product here], or because you keep forgetting to bring your lactase enzymes with you.

What is lactose intolerance?

For those that may be struggling with this issue and learning about this for the first time, allow me to explain. Lactose intolerance is where the body cannot properly break down lactose, milk sugar. This can cause a number of symptoms including diarrhea, cramps, bloating, gas, nausea, and, although not frequent, vomiting.

Lactose, by the way, is why things like milk list 11g of sugar per cup on the label. There's no added sugar in the milk, it's part of the milk. Side note: if you're going to drink or consume milk, I strongly suggest that it be whole milk and organic, preferably pasture-raised. This also applies to or yogurt, or other dairy products. 

For those people who cannot tolerate lactose, most of the population, there is a solution. To purchase dairy products where the lactose has been split into it's component parts of galactose and glucose, making it easier to digest. Or taking lactase, an enzyme that their system lacks, which helps to break down the lactose.Other options

For those who would rather not deal with the issues around lactose intolerance there is another option. Plant-based milks. These are made by processing certain things like almonds, coconut, oats, rice, or hemp, and making a milk-like product. While it doesn't taste like milk, it's close enough that it's often an acceptable substitute.

Drinking plant-based milks can, however, come with it's own challenges. One is that because the plant-based options are thinner than milk, emulsifiers and thickeners are added. These are made from plant gums which can cause digestive upset if over consumed or for those with very sensitive digestive tracts.

Carrageenan in particular is strongly linked to digestive health issues and should be avoided in any product. Other plant gums can be just as overwhelming to the system, causing many of the problems that lactose does.

Making almond milk at home

Instead of buying plant milks at the store it is possible to make them at home. Almond and coconut are the easiest to make yourself. With just a little bit of time, a few healthy ingredients, and not a lot of equipment, you can enjoy your own delicious homemade milk.

Almond Milk

  • 2 cups almonds
  • 4 cups filtered water
  • 1 teaspoon sea salt
  • 1 teaspoon vanilla extract (optional)
  1. Soak almonds in water overnight
  2. Discard soaking water and rinse almonds well
  3. Place almonds, salt, vanilla, and 4 cups of water in a high powered blender
  4. Blend on high speed for 2 minutes
  5. Strain through cheesecloth or a nut milk bag
  6. Solids can be refrigerated and used in baking within 4-5 days
  7. Refrigerate almond milk before serving

No Soy

You may be wondering why soy milk is not on my suggested list of plant-based milks. I don't recommend consuming it because soy tends to be one of the most highly genetically modified crops we have. Soy is also a phytoestrogen, meaning plant estrogen, and can disrupt hormones. Therefore it's best to avoid not only soy milk, but also the wide variety of soy-based products on the market.

[expand title="Sources"] 
Nardi, J. et al. Prepubertal subchronic exposure to soy milk and glyphosate leads to endocrine disruption. Food and Chemical Toxicology
Volume 100, February 2017, Pages 247-252. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691516304896 [/expand]

raw milk rights

The Raw Milk Controversy: Health, Rights, And Industry Interest

In case you missed it on the news, there was a raid of a store in California that was selling raw milk.  The owner and two suppliers were arrested and an unknown amount of raw milk was dumped. As I understand it this was a store that essentially functioned as a buying club. Consumers were required to be members before they could buy.  I will grant that the government claims the raid was in part because the store owner did not have the proper permits.  The owner apparently thought that because his operation was a private buying club not a public place of sale he did not need one. However leaving aside that permitting misunderstanding, this is not the first time that there have been raids against raw milk sellers; last May there was a raid in Pennsylvania and there have been many others.  For some reason it appears that raw milk and it's advocates have been targeted and are being dealt with by force.

The Benefits of Raw Milk and The Need for Legislation

I find this sort of thing disturbing for a number of reasons: 1.  According to the Weston A. Price Foundation's Real Milk Campaign there are lots of health benefits from drinking raw milk. If the government feels that raw milk is so much of a problem then create legislation for it.  But honestly Diet Coke is horrific to our health and there is no legislation there.  This over-reaching attack on one product seems excessive and misplaced; 2.  Those who want to drink raw milk should have access to it, they are aware of the risks and most of them are dealing with farmers that they trust to run a clean operation; those who don't want to drink raw milk don't have to.  I'm not sure how this is considered a problem, raw milk is always clearly labeled and is only sold to those who specifically search it out; 3.  The raids frequently go after raw milk producers or stores where they sell raw milk yet I am easily able to buy raw milk cheese and butter at my local big-chain grocery store.  In order to make these products the producer has to start with a raw milk product.  If the raw milk cheese producers can get approval to make and sell their product why not the base product?

Denial of Rights and The Influence of Industry on Legislation

I find all of this attention toward raw milk producers confusing in part because in other areas the governmental agencies in charge are clearly not doing their job.  In the recent ground turkey recall it has come to light that the USDA suspected a problem two weeks before it actually forced the recall.   The egg recall from last summer revealed that the owner had years of health and environmental violations.  And the peanut butter recall from two years ago showed that the company had serious health violations but was never shut down.  So major manufacturers appear to get a nod-and-a-wink while farmers and consumers are arrested and subjected to armed arrest? I feel that those who want to eat a certain way are being denied their rights.  Going back to point number one above, smoking kills yet we still sell cigarettes, alcoholism and drunk driving are a big problem yet we still sell alcohol.  I don't see raw milk as being harmful or costly to society yet it's being portrayed as this over-reaching evil product that kills.  I'm truly puzzled by this attitude.   Is it because cigarettes and alcohol and junk food generate big profits and those industries can afford to fund political legislators while small farmers and small groups of consumers can't?  And why does it seem that the efforts of those agencies which are supposed to be protecting our food supply are being unevenly thrown against a minority population that wants nothing more than what they consider to be a healthy, nutritious food?  I know many people have started to buy cow shares in order to preserve their right to have access to raw milk but even that appears to be under assault. I have come to believe that raw milk is the next dairy battle.  Although I remember drinking it when I was a kid I don't recall it being popular or easily accessible and I certainly don't remember news headlines about it.  Now that it is more available and more in demand it has suddenly become a problem? When organic milk became more publicized for it's lack of hormones, antibiotics and pesticides the dairy industry pushed back hard and tried to block labeling that stated milk was "rBGH free" because this would cut into their profits (note: rBHG is sometimes referred to as rBST).  They did win a legislative ruling that milk which was labeled rBGH free also had to carry a statement that there was no difference between milk with and without the hormone.  This was later shown to be not true with one study reporting rBGH milk had "Fat levels, particularly long chain saturated fatty acids incriminated in heart disease, are increased, while levels of a thyroid hormone enzyme are increased."  For many people the only way to ensure added-hormone free milk was to purchase organic which is legislated not to contain it. I will make a side note here - just because a cow is organically raised does not mean that it is not still in some sort of a feedlot operation. The organic label does not automatically ensure fat, happy, grass-fed cows regardless of the cute pictures (which is sad because milk from grass fed cows is better for you).  Organic simply means that cow is not fed GMO feed, not shot up with artificial hormones and not pumped up with antibiotics.  If you want grass-fed, free-ranging cows you need to either raise them yourself or get to know a farmer who raises their animals that way. Now that manufacturers have lost the organic dairy war and more organic dairy products are arriving on the shelf regularly, the big producers are getting into the business themselves.  I'm sure much of this is profit driven.  If people are willing to pay more for organic dairy and you can't legislate it away then you might as well join in.  But raw dairy is different.  It doesn't travel well unless it's been turned into something like cheese or butter.  That means a shift back to local smaller scale farming.  I guess that's somehow seen as a problem.